常见用被动语态表达的句子
【第1句】: 为什么要用被动语态表示句子的意思
英语中有主动和被动两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才有被动语态。被动语态由“助动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的助动词同样有时态、人称和数的变化。
【第1句】:A new computer was bought to me by my father yesterday.
【第2句】:The children are looked after very well by Mrs Zhang.
【第3句】:He was seen to come into the meeting-room.(这里注意一下:由于see是感官动词,所以改为被动语态后要加to)
【第4句】:English is found very useful by us.
【第5句】:A lot of trees are planted by him.
后面的“by…”可加可不加,只要句子表示的是被动的意思就可以了。
【第2句】: 求一般现在时的被动和主动语态的句子
虽然不太明白你的本意,但希望下面成对的句子可以帮你理解主动语态和被动语态在一般现在时中的同义句意表达要求:
主动态 He often helps others.
被动态 Others are often helped by him
主动态 Teachers usually ask us questions.
被动态 We are usually asked questions by teachers
或Questions are usually asked to us by teachers
主动态 My mother cooks dilicious food every day.
被动态 Dilicious food is cooled by my mother every day.
主动态 He can speak English well.
被动态 English can be spoken well by him.
主动态 I buy three suits of clothes for myself every year.
被动态 Three suits of clothes are bought by me for myself every year.
主动态 He drives guests everywhere many times a day.
被动态 Guests are driven everywhere by him many times a day.
【第3句】: 英语中有没有被动形式表达主动含义的
英语有的词和汉语有这种关系,看起来是被动,表示主动意义,或看起来是主动,表示被动意义.比如be addicted to 好像是被动,但意思并不是被动的.在英语表达中,有时用主动式表达主动含义,即本句主语就是该句谓语动词的施动者,例如They won the game yesterday.当句子的主语为动作的受动者是,我们常用被动式来表达句子的含义,例如He was praised by his teacher.然而在英文表达中常常使用一些特殊主动句式和结构来表达被动含义,例如“杰克是个臭名昭著的罪犯,罪该处决.”“杰克该处决”是被动意义,但可以主动式翻译,即Jack is a notorious criminal so he deserves a death penalty.那么,怎样处理这种情况呢?大致可以分为以下几种情况:一.在主语 + be + 形容词 + to do的句式中,如果形容词表明主语的性质和内在特征,一般可以用不定式主动语态表达被动含义,如:This question is easy to answer.尽管“问题”是被回答,但本句中的形容词“easy”表明了主语“question”的性质,所以可以用“to answer”主动表被动含义.二.在主语 + be +宾语 + to do的结构中,如果不定式与宾语之间有动宾关系,也可以用主动式表达被动含义.例如:These are some questions to think about.本句中正是由于“think about”与“questions”之间具备动宾关系,我们要用主动“to think about”来表达被思考的含义.三.在have ( want need 。
) + something + to do 的结构中,如果用作定语的不定式和它前面的修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,有和该句的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,这时不定式可以用主动形式表达被动含义,例如:I have some food to eat.句中的to eat 既与some food 构成动宾关系,又和句子主语构成主谓关系,我们可以用主动表被动,否则在表示被动含义时,仍需用不定式的被动语态.注意区分以下两个句子的不同含义:例:① Do you have some clothes to wash?你是需要去洗衣服吗?② Do you have some clothes to be washed?你有一些衣服让我帮忙洗吗?在例句中,尽管wash 和clothes 构成动宾关系,但不与主语you 构成主谓关系,“你”并不是亲自洗,所以布丁式仍然应该用被动式.四.在“there be + 主语 + 不定式”的结构中,当不定式与主语之间在逻辑上有动宾关系时,不定式可以用主动式也可以用被动式,只是侧重点不同.用主动式作定语重点在人,用被动式作定语重点在物,但在口语中多用主动式表被动的含义.例如:There is a lot of work to be finished.有很多工作要(我们)完成There is a lot of work to be finished 有很多工作要做(不清楚谁完成)在这里要注意区分something ( anything ,nothing ) to do 和something ( anything ,nothing ) to be done 之间的不同意义.There is nothing to do ,I am bored.无事可做,我感到闷得慌.There is nothing to be done.We'll have to buy another one没办法,我们只得另买一个.五.在一些特殊的句式中,只能使用主动式表达被动含义,例如:The film is well worth seeing.本句中尽管“电影”是被“看”的,但由于be worth doing 结构本身就表达了被做的被动含义,所以不存在be worth being done的被动用法.再如 with + n + to do 的with 复合结构中,with some work todo,he had to stay up.“工作”与“做”之间具备逻辑上的被动关系.但是我们只能选择主动式to do 来表达被做的被动含义.六.在英语的使用中,有一些词有不同的含义,不同的含义与词性使这些词有不同的用法,例如:taste( feel,smell。)表达品尝某物是及物动词有被动式,但表达尝起来怎样就只能用主动形式,试比较下面例句:The cake was tasted by them at the party yesterday.The cake tastes good.类似的词汇用法还有prove 等,试比较:The theory has been proved by the scientist.The theory proved to be right.七.有些动词如果表主语固有性质,可使用主动式,但表被动含义,例如:He persuades easily.( persuade = be persuaded )The film ranks with the best.( rank = be listed 被列为 )英语中类似这样的动词用法很多,如 read,look,suffer,wash,clean,sell,cut,blow等,以及一些短语动词,come out ( = to be published ),go through ( = to be sold out ),go up ( = to be brought up ),come up ( = to be put forward )等,但是这些动词如果表示一次具体的被动行为仍用被动式.He was persuaded easily yesterday.The film was ranked with the best in the film Festival.八.在英语使用中,有一些词汇和短语由于受本身不及物性限制只能使用主动形式,例如:happen,take place,come about,break out等,例:Great changes have taken place in the city.The war broke out in 18【第64句】:九.副词除了可以表示动词的意义外,还有被动含义,这些副词多源于介词.The meeting is off.( off = cancelled )The film will be on tonight.( on = continue )。
【第4句】: 被动语态的构成形式(分不同时态写)例如一般现在时
一、语态概述 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的.英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者.巧记为:主动、主动、主去动.例如:Many people speak English.谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象.巧记为:被动、被动、主被动.例如:English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者.主动态和被动态指的是动词形式,是词法概念;而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构,从而是句法概念.所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子,而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子.例如:He opened the door.他开了门.(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了.(被动句) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成.人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的.现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成.一般现在时:am/is/are+taught 一般过去时:was/were+taught 一般将来时:will/shall be+taught 现在进行时:am/is/are being+taught 过去进行时:have/has been+taught 现在完成时:have/has been+taught 歌诀是:被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面.三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁.例如:Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了.(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 19【第81句】:这本书出版于1981年.(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者.例如:the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的.This book was written by him.这本书是他写的.Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证.歌诀:谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要; 动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到.四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语.(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式).(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格.例如:All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made?by them?in the factory.歌诀是:宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟.谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用.五、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留.歌诀是:情态动词变动,情态加be加“过分”,原来带to要保留.例如:We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.You ought to take it away.It ought to be taken away.They should do it at once.It should be done at once。